Author: Sarah Leung

  • What is the 15-Minute City Concept? (French version available)

    What is the 15-Minute City Concept? (French version available)

    What is a 15-Minute City?

    The 15-minute city concept allows citizens to access their essential needs within a 15-minute walk. Many Canadian cities, including Ottawa, Edmonton, and Victoria, have implemented this concept into city development plans.

    In 2021, Ottawa identified nine important necessities:

    • Bus stops
    • Childcare facilities
    • Grocery stores
    • Health services
    • LRT stations (light rail transit, such as subways)
    • Parks
    • Recreation facilities (such as community centres)
    • Retail stores
    • Schools

    These are all places planned to be accessible within a 15-minute walk.

    However, Ottawa also recognizes that these nine resources will not be evenly distributed across the region. High-access areas will ideally have seven to nine resources from that list, while low-access areas will unfortunately have one to three.

    A 2022 study from Simon Fraser University in British Columbia also echoed this fact: 79% of Vancouver’s population has a grocery store within a 15-minute walking radius, but far fewer areas across the region would meet this requirement.

    Like any concept, there are pros and cons. A 15-minute city sounds great on the surface, but it all depends on the plan’s execution by governments. City planners need to weigh the concept’s benefits against its potential negative consequences.

    15-Minute City as a Positive Force

    A 15-minute city’s opposite counterpart is urban sprawl. Where a 15-minute city seeks to make communities and resources closer, urban sprawl widens the distance between them.

    Urban sprawl expands cities, meaning that as cities get larger, people need to travel longer distances. This also means that urban sprawl is a large contributor to climate change: it is the largest factor behind greenhouse gas emissions in Ottawa.

    The largest benefit of a 15-minute city is its potential to lessen the impacts of climate change.

    Fifteen-minute cities combat climate change by lessening dependency on electricity and gas. By reducing the amount of time and distance needed to reach essentials, more environmentally friendly transit options can be considered.

    The key is to reduce the need for cars: car rides are usually seen as an option for longer, more inaccessible trips. By providing most of the people’s everyday needs within a short distance, fewer people may want to use their cars for this purpose.

    15-Minute City as a Negative Force

    While the resistance against climate change impacts makes 15-minute cities attractive, the idea fails to consider many other important points. The core concept was modelled after European cities: many of these cities were built before the car was invented.

    City planners cannot simply include solutions everywhere in cities without investing in neighbourhoods.

    Many cities have inequality built into their original plans – think of many of Canada’s Chinatowns, for example. The communities were built up by Chinese labourers, a group who were largely excluded by Canadian society.

    The 15-minute city concept cannot accommodate all regions in its current state. City planners need to find ways to include underserved areas without further worsening inequalities.

    The 15-minute city concept presents itself as a great combatant against climate change, but it should be discussed with caution. 15-minute cities should not be implemented without considering the potential impacts on minority groups and how current city structures need to be overhauled.

     

    Sources:

    Gomez, Michelle. “Vancouver Close to Achieving ‘15-Minute City’ Status, SFU Study Finds.” CBC News, 23 May 2022, https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/vancouver-15-minute-city-1.6463022.

    Mannie, Kathryn. “The Rise and Fall of Chinatown: The Hidden History of Displacement You Were Never Told.” Global News, 26 May 2022, https://globalnews.ca/news/8793341/chinatown-history-toronto-vancouver-montreal-canada/.

    O’Sullivan, Feargus. “Where the ‘15-Minute City’ Falls Short.” Bloomberg, 2 Mar. 2021, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-02/the-downsides-of-a-15-minute-city.

  • Should I Take Courses Over the Summers to Finish My Degree Sooner? A Look at Pros and Cons (French version available)

    Should I Take Courses Over the Summers to Finish My Degree Sooner? A Look at Pros and Cons (French version available)

    Summer is a season that’s usually associated with taking a break and having fun. For university students, this could be the case, but it could also mean having a job or a volunteer position. Some also continue taking courses to finish their degree sooner.

    If you’re considering going back to the classroom over the summer, here’s a look at the pros and cons of doing so:

    Pros

    Campuses Will Be Less Crowded

    As one would expect, not as many students take classes over the summer, so your campus will most likely be much quieter than usual. This is beneficial if you prefer to work on assignments or study on campus rather than at home.

    Many Students Tend to Take Fewer Classes During the Summer

    Many students don’t take as many courses during the summer as they do in other semesters. Though it depends on how much is required of you for each course, if you take only one or two as opposed to the usual three or four, this means you might be able to relax more and solely focus on assignments. As a result, you may achieve a higher grade in the class(es) than if you were to take it another time.

    However, by all means, pursue a full course-load if you feel as though you’re ready for it.

    Cons

    You Could Feel Burnt Out During the Summer

    Even though there’s a good chance that you’ll have a lighter academic workload over the summer, this could also lead to burnout (or even more of a burnout) if you endured a very stressful school year. Taking classes might not allow you to receive the rest you need. Though it’s tempting to take courses to finish your degree sooner, it’s also critical that you don’t pressure yourself to do so if you know exhaustion/feeling overwhelmed remains an inevitable outcome. Often, people neglect their health to maintain a certain amount of productivity, which is highly discouraged.

    It Would Take Time Away from Things You’re Pursuing in Your Personal Life

    If there’s anything that you’re actively working on in your personal life, whether it be a project, relationships with others and/or your overall well-being, taking summer courses could interfere. Everyone’s situation is different, and maybe you’re able to juggle school with these other endeavours, but sometimes it’s best to just use the season for enjoyment.

    Remember, you should take your health into account and what you can handle if you’re seriously considering taking summer courses. Some questions you could ask yourself are:

    • “How important is it to me that I finish my degree sooner?”
    • “Would it be better if I took my time to consider other options while I’m still a student, like pursuing work experience opportunities offered through school?” (if you haven’t done so already)
    • “Would it do me some good if I took the semester off?

    Overall, if you continue to be honest with yourself and reflect on what’s stated above, you’ll be on the right track to making the best choice for what you’ll be doing during the summer.

  • Tips to Know Who To Vote For in an Election (French version available)

    Tips to Know Who To Vote For in an Election (French version available)

    By Avreet Jagdev

    As citizens, we have the duty to be civically involved. Civic involvement means staying involved in your community in a way that makes a difference — this can be through political or non-political ways. Examples include volunteering, staying informed on what is going on in your community, and donating to your local food bank. One of the most important aspects of civic engagement is voting.

    Voting is an absolute essential part of democracy. It is what gives ordinary people the power to choose who governs them. When you vote, you get to have your voice heard and make a difference in how your community and country are run.

    However, with this power can come some pressure. It can be difficult and overwhelming to know who to vote for. So how do you make an informed voting decision?

    1. Stay informed

    It is important to stay informed, not just during elections, but between them as well. Do your best to have some general knowledge on what is going on in your community, country, and around the globe. When the next election rolls around, you will already have a lot of information to base your vote on.

    Staying informed doesn’t have to be stressful! It can be as simple as turning on the news channel when you’re doing your chores or reading an article on your commute to school.

    1. Talk to friends and family.

    Although some families have the rule of “no politics at the dinner table”, talking to your family and friends can help you decide who to vote for. They might not always share the same views as you, but having discussions (and maybe even debates) on political issues can help develop your own views, which will make it easier for you to make your decision on who to vote for.

    1. Do your research

    As the election draws nearer, make sure to do your research on the candidates running in your area. Most candidates will have websites where you can read about them and their specific platforms. It can also help to watch debates and read or listen to interviews.

    1. Reach out to candidates

    If you have specific questions or concerns that a candidate hasn’t touched on in their platform, try reaching out to them! You should be able to find their contact information on their website. Candidates usually have entire teams of people who help answer these questions so that voters can make well-informed choices.

    1. Use an online tool like VoteCompass

    Some online tools, such as VoteCompass, can help you decide who to vote for by asking you questions and showing you how your answers align with different candidates or parties. If you’re completely stuck, this can be a good place to start!

    It can be overwhelming to decide who to vote for, especially when it’s your first time. However, following these tips can help make the process a whole lot easier.  At the end of the day, remember to vote for someone who represents your values and what matters to you.

  • Profiling a Career as a Teaching Assistant (French version available)

    Profiling a Career as a Teaching Assistant (French version available)

    If you enjoy learning, sharing knowledge, and working with children, you’ve probably considered a career in education. But you may not be aware of the wide range of opportunities available in that field. Many administrators, librarians, advisors, and assistants support teachers in their daily duties. Perhaps the specific role of a classroom teacher isn’t appealing to you. That’s okay! And it certainly doesn’t mean a career in education is unattainable. Use this profile to gain insight into another great option: a career as a teaching assistant.

    Roles and Responsibilities

    Teaching assistants support teachers with a variety of classroom duties (e.g., creating lesson plans, facilitating learning activities, evaluating students, etc.). They can work in public and private school boards, special education centres, and other educational settings.

    As a teaching assistant, you may be responsible for any of the following tasks:

    • Preparing the classroom (e.g., setting up equipment, operating assistive technology, etc.)
    • Grading assignments, tests, and/or presentations and recording student progress
    • Supervising students during lunch, recess, and other breaks

    Required Training and Education  

    To be a teaching assistant, you must complete a secondary school diploma and a college program ranging from 10 months to 2 years in length (depending on your province and local institutions). Some schools may also request First Aid and CPR certification or Nonviolent Crisis Intervention training.

    If you want to work specifically with students with disabilities, additional training may be required. For example, it could be beneficial to pursue courses in Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) or Developmental Support Services. You may also require additional training depending on the level of education you want to work at (i.e., in primary or secondary school).

    Benefits of A Career as a Teaching Assistant

    If you’re easily bored by a repetitive routine, this career is perfect for you. For a teaching assistant, every day is a little different. You might support students with academic subjects like maths and science one day and work on art projects the next. Sometimes you might help in the school library, while other times you could be asked to supervise field trips. Each day will bring a change of focus and pace.

    Another significant benefit is the emotional satisfaction that can come from this job. If you like working with children, this career could be ideal. You will have the opportunity to participate in learning and recreational activities without the pressure of being a classroom teacher. Rather than taking the lead during lessons and projects, you can take a step back and spend your time providing extra support to the students who need it. It can be very rewarding to bond with them and know that you’re making a difference in their school experience.

    Earnings and Career Prospects

    The starting salary for teaching assistants is about $45,000 per year. With more experience and education, your salary can increase. The average teaching assistant in Canada earns approximately $58,400 annually, while the most experienced workers make more than $69,200.

    The demand for teaching assistants is expected to stay consistent over the next few years. By 2028, there will be almost an even number of job seekers compared to job opportunities, which means that the field may be slightly competitive. As the world of education continues to grow and evolve, teaching assistants will remain a valuable resource to the school system.

    Drawbacks and Challenges

    There are drawbacks to this career choice. As a teaching assistant, you will likely be responsible for supporting students with emotional and behavioural challenges. It can be a strain when children act out or refuse to follow instructions. It can also be emotionally draining to support students with troubled families, mental health problems, or other sources of stress in their lives. While it may be rewarding to help students, teaching assistants can burn out if they push themselves too hard.

    This career can be particularly difficult for someone who likes a consistent schedule. Teaching assistants often fill multiple roles at once – teaching, supervising, navigating classroom technology, distributing learning materials, etc. The environment is fast-paced and requires a strong ability to multi-task and adapt. If you want a calm, predictable career, this one may not be for you.

    What Are My Other Options?  

    While training to be a teaching assistant, you will likely develop competencies in teaching and facilitating, multitasking, time management, and organization. You may also gain functional knowledge related to disabilities, developmental psychology, assistive technology, and school subjects like math and science. You could apply these skills and areas of knowledge to the following career paths:

    • Developmental services worker
    • Child and youth worker
    • Administrative assistant
    • Classroom teacher
    • Librarian or library clerk

    Additional training and credentials may be required.

     

    Sources

    Government of Canada. Canadian Occupational Projection System (COPS). http://occupations.esdc.gc.ca/sppc-cops/occupationsummarydetail.jsp?tid=151&

    Indeed for Employers. How to Write a Teacher Assistant Job Description: Top Duties and Requirements. https://ca.indeed.com/hire/job-description/teacher-assistant?gclid=Cj0KCQiA9OiPBhCOARIsAI0y71DUPhFoo33wqXDW6GsZEQuxzBZ6F_Eo1THOo2GfXw6voPEBoKpmxKMaAqQbEALw_wcB&aceid=

    OCAS. Education/Teaching Assistant. Ontariocolleges.ca. https://www.ontariocolleges.ca/en/programs/education-community-and-social-services/education-teaching-teaching-assistant

    Talent.com. Teaching Assistant average salary in Canada. https://ca.talent.com/salary?job=teaching+assistant

    The Training Room. 7 Perks of Being a Teaching Assistant. https://www.thetrainingroom.com/blog/education-and-teaching/november-2018/7-perks-of-being-a-teaching-assistant#

    Training.org. Stresses and strains of being a teaching assistant. https://www.1training.org/blog/stresses-strains-teaching-assistant/

  • The Water Crisis Plaguing Indigenous Reservations Across Canada: How You Can Help (French version available)

    The Water Crisis Plaguing Indigenous Reservations Across Canada: How You Can Help (French version available)

    Picture this: you live in Canada, which is often advertised and perceived as being one of the safest countries, rich in resources and many beneficial aspects such as access to free healthcare. In fact, in 2020, Canada was ranked as one of the countries with the highest quality of life in the world (Hazan 2020). Based on such presumptions, one can reasonably assume that all Canadian citizens have access to basic human rights such as clean drinking water, right? Unfortunately, this is not the case. For the majority of Indigenous reservations across Canada, gaining access to clean water is not easy at all. Many have been on drinking water advisories for decades, meaning they have to filter out of boiling water even if they want something as simple as a drink. 

    Problems with Water Quality

    Water is often filled with parasites, viruses, or extremely harmful bacteria such as E.coli. In 2016, the University of Saskatchewan conducted a review of studies conducted between 2000 and 2015, which found many common health concerns caused by the lack of clean drinking water – including skin problems such as sores, rashes and eczema, birth defects, and gastrointestinal illnesses. This is a problem that has gone uncared for and unheard of for decades, with communities such as Southern Ontario’s Neskantaga having to use water advisories since 1995.

    It was not until 2015 that Prime Minister Justin Trudeau vowed to end this crisis by March 2021, despite it having gone ignored for much longer. According to the Indigenous Foundation, this deadline has since been pushed back to 2026, with over 51 drinking water advisories still in place on Indigenous reservations across Canada. This has had a number of devastating impacts – Indigenous people are unable to access water not only as a human right but as a spiritual, cultural component of their lives. Because reservations are often remote, the government only gives a certain amount of money to these communities to fund their resources. When the water systems fail, they are extremely expensive to fix. Either way, there’s no easy or simple way for those on reservations to get the help that they need.

    Donate: There are many organizations (many Indigenous-owned) that are dedicated to assisting Indigenous communities with the water crisis, including True North Aid, Water First, and Water for People Canada. In some cases, you can donate directly to Indigenous communities, as they have their own individual charities. There are also many organizations dedicated not only to the water crisis on reserves but also to the housing or mental health crises as well, including Honouring Indigenous Peoples and Habitat for Humanity.  Below, I have included the links to some of the charities for this issue. 

    Spread Awareness: One of the main things that all of us can do in order to end water advisories and hopefully end unclean drinking water on Indigenous reservations is spread awareness about it. You’d be surprised at how many people are unaware of this issue; they do not help because they do not even know there is an issue at hand in the first place. Do some research, learn about this issue and where it started. Post about it on social media, whether it be sharing someone else’s post or creating your own digital content and sharing it on your social media platforms. Maybe you can create digital posters and hang them around your school. Remember, education is the gateway to awareness, and awareness is what leads to action.

    Write a Letter: At the end of the day, the main source of enforcement towards fixing this issue will be the Canadian government. As there does not seem to be much awareness towards this issue, one thing that the government can definitely do is talk about this issue more – don’t keep it under wraps. As Canadian citizens, it is up to us to help one another. I have seen many foundations and websites talk about the importance of words and their impact, especially on those of people in positions of power. Write a letter to the Prime Minister, letting him know that it is time for this problem to end; that much more must be done in order to ensure that all Indigenous communities have safe drinking water. We must prioritize this issue; in fact, this should not even be an issue in the first place.

     

    Works Cited

    Goldfinger, Daina. “‘An ongoing symbol of colonization’: How bad water affects First Nations’ health.” Global News, 30 September 2021, https://globalnews.ca/news/8199988/first-nations-water-crisis-health-effects/.

    Hazan, Jeremy. “Canada Has Ranked #1 in the World For Best Quality of Life.” Narcity, Narcity Media Group, 13 November 2020, https://www.narcity.com/canada-has-ranked-1-in-the-world-for-best-quality-of-life.

    Leyland, Cecco. “ Dozens of Canada’s First Nations lack drinking water: ‘Unacceptable in a country so rich.’” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media Limited, 30 April 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/30/canada-first-nations-justin-trudeau-drinking-water.

    Luo Xue, Carina. “The Water Crisis in Canada’s First Nations Communities.” ArcGIS StoryMaps, 14 November 2021, https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/52a5610cca604175b8fb35bccf165f96.

    McDonald, Kasey et al. “Lack of Clean Drinking Water in Indigenous communities.” The Indigenous Foundation. https://www.theindigenousfoundation.org/articles/lack-of-clean-drinking-water-in-indigenous-communities.

     

    Charity Links:

    True North Aid: https://truenorthaid.ca/

    Water for People Canada: https://www.canadahelps.org/en/charities/water-for-people-canada-de-leau-pour-tous-canada/

    Water First: https://waterfirst.ngo/

  • Tips for Going Vegetarian & How It Can Better Your Health and the Planet (French version available)

    Tips for Going Vegetarian & How It Can Better Your Health and the Planet (French version available)

    By Avreet Jagdev

    People choose to go vegetarian for many reasons – some do so for their religion, others for health purposes, and some for the animals and the environment. No matter what your reasons may be, being vegetarian has a multitude of benefits — not only for your health, but for the world around you as well.

    Harvard research shows that since vegetarians consume less saturated fat and cholesterol than those who have meat in their diets, they are at less of a risk of heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes.

    That’s not all — being vegetarian is good for the environment and can, in fact, help slow climate change, reduce water pollution, and reduce wildlife habitat destruction and deforestation. Raising livestock leads to a very large amount of greenhouse gases, which contribute to global warming; a reduced demand for meat decreases livestock production, which means that these harmful emissions are reduced as well.

    However, it’s a big change to make, especially if you are accustomed to eating meat. This can make it difficult and intimidating to know where or how to start. Here are some tips to make the process a little bit easier:

    Start by going meatless a couple of days of the week

    Instead of going vegetarian overnight, try choosing a couple of days of the week where you don’t eat meat (like Meatless Monday)! This will make the process easier and less intimidating. As you become more accustomed to not eating meat, you can add more and more meatless days until it eventually becomes all seven days of the week!

    Cutting out one thing at a time

    Similar to the last tip, don’t feel pressured to cut all meat out of your diet at once. Instead, try taking small steps by cutting out one type of meat at a time. For example, you can start by limiting how much red meat you eat. Once you become used to this, you can cut out chicken, and so on.

    Get creative with your recipes.

    The good news is, almost any one of your favourite meat dishes can be made vegetarian or even vegan! Get creative with your plant-based alternatives. Instead of chicken, try seitan or shredded tofu. Experiment with different brands of vegan ground beef for your favourite taco recipe until you find what works best!

    Use this as an opportunity to branch out

    On another note, instead of sticking to meat-based recipes, use your new diet as an opportunity to branch out completely. Many cultures around the world have primarily vegetarian cuisines or cuisines that are super vegetarian-friendly, such as in South Asia. Try your hand at cooking a traditional vegetarian recipe from a new cultural cuisine!

    When eating out, don’t be afraid to ask for modifications

    Eating out can be anxiety-inducing for someone who is a new vegetarian, but know that servers and chefs are more than used to accommodating requests, and most of them will happily swap out a meat-based component of an item for a vegetarian one! All you have to do is ask.

    Don’t be too harsh on yourself.

    Lastly, don’t be too harsh on yourself. Switching to a plant-based diet is a large task, and it’s normal for you to have your ups and downs. The most important thing is that you stick to it!

  • Learning on the Job: My Personal Experience with My First Job (French version available)

    Learning on the Job: My Personal Experience with My First Job (French version available)

    By Bhargavi Venkataraman

    As a third-year university student, I have had many job experiences. Jobs are a great way to learn new skills while also making money towards wants, needs and savings. Of all my job experiences, my first job is one of the most memorable.

    I came into the job scene a little later than average. I started my first job as a mathematics instructor at a big education brand franchise that will remain unnamed for privacy reasons in the summer of grade 11. It was run by a couple, and I got hired, along with another candidate, to start over August that summer.

    The hiring process was conventional, but as this was my first job, I remember taking it very seriously. I carefully curated a resume and cover letter and took hours to prepare for the interview. I remember sitting in front of the owner in my formal shirt and trousers with sweaty hands, in nervous anticipation of his questions. He took one look at my resume and put it away. He then proceeded to ask me a couple of basic questions, and that was it; I got the job. It seemed too simple at the time, but I did not question it too much in my excitement.

    My first days on the job were invigorating. It was a big learning curve to teach in the model of this education brand, but it was also fulfilling to earn money for the first time. I was paired with another employee who would supervise me and was invited to staff meetings where they provided food and lively conversation. Initially, everything was going well. The issues started when the owner began scheduling me for many more hours than I originally agreed to when being hired. As I knew that this was my grade 12 year and that I would mainly focus on school, I asked the owner if he was okay with a certain number of hours per week during the interview. He let me know that it was okay. However, when the school year started, I got scheduled for double the hours I had initially specified. When I conversed with him about this, he would brush off my concerns by saying that it was only for a couple of days. This pattern continued for a long while, and I found myself drained of energy by the end of each day.

    Another problem came up a few months later. I had made friends with some of the other employees, and we would talk when we had some free time. We discussed our difficulties with the number of hours we were required to work and some issues with the expectations set by the employers. I did not participate actively in these conversations as I felt uncomfortable talking about superiors in that way. Still, the owner assumed I was also part of the group gossiping about her. She proceeded to berate me for small mistakes publicly and criticize any work I did. The environment became very toxic, and I dreaded coming to work daily.

    My journey with this job ended over the winter break of that year. I noticed that I was waiting to get emails from the organization with the schedule for the next week. I called the company a few times, but was still waiting for a response. I eventually let them know I could not continue with the company and wished to terminate my contract.

    My experiences with this first job, the supervisors, my coworkers, and the general process taught me many things, which I applied to every future job. I will list some of these lessons below:

    1) Don’t be afraid to state expectations/boundaries before starting your job: I think one of the reasons I was able to speak confidently with my superiors about my issues with the hours they were assigning me was because I set clear expectations beforehand about how much I was able to commit. This also helped make my termination easier to digest, as our priorities differed.

    2) Speak up when expectations are not met: It is easy to feel like you cannot speak up or don’t have a voice when you are just starting a job or in a lower-level position in a company. However, it is crucial to recognize that you deserve to be valued and that your boundaries should be respected. This role may not be the best fit for you if they are not. I let my supervisors know when I felt burdened by the time commitment. I wish I had taken myself out of that situation earlier, as I became more burnt out and unhappy as time went on in the position.

    3) Be careful about workplace boundaries: It is easy to get carried away with the camaraderie of workplace relationships, especially in the first couple of months on the job. However, it is essential to respect the feelings of everyone around you, including superiors, and ensure that you keep within your values when joining group discussions. In my case, I should have removed myself physically from my coworkers when they were gossiping about the supervisor and said something to stop them. This would have been more in keeping with my values.

    4) Know when to terminate your role: Sometimes, despite your actions, a position might not fit you. The environment might become toxic, or you might not be able to keep up with the demands at the time. This is when it is good to take a step back and evaluate if the positives of staying in this position outweigh the negatives. If they do not, then consider terminating your role. This is precisely the process I went through. I spoke with my friends and family and also reflected on my own. Eventually, I decided that I needed to quit.

    I hope someone else can utilize the lessons I have learned through this experience to help them in their career trajectory. It can be daunting to navigate such an unfamiliar terrain, so it may be worthwhile to see how others did it. Always remember your value and what you bring to the table, be confident in your skills, and learn from every new experience!

  • Living with Cerebral Palsy

    Living with Cerebral Palsy

    Cerebral palsy hinders the coordination of the muscles and movement of the body. Its severity can range dramatically, from affecting just one body part to leaving the afflicted person unable to move on their own. One of my closest friends has the condition. John uses crutches to walk and takes much longer to do tasks that are quite simple for many others. It is a visible disability that, despite causing great difficulties for the sufferer, can be managed to allow those with cerebral palsy to live fulfilling lives.

    Beyond physical therapy and medical equipment, there are many resources in Canada and the United States for youth with cerebral palsy. United Cerebral Palsy (UCP), located in Washington, D.C., strives to provide education and support services for people on all parts of the cerebral palsy spectrum. Their network has been operating since 1949 and has fought for civil rights and public policies to support people with disabilities. Local service providers, or affiliates, work in individual communities to help meet the unique needs people have in specific areas. This includes housing, therapy, recreational programs, and employment assistance. Parents and caregivers can turn to My Child Without Limits, their online resource, to aid their offspring and address any developmental concerns.

    Canada has similar organizations offering support. The Ontario Federation for Cerebral Palsy (OFCP) focuses on “independence, inclusion, choice and full-integration” for people with the condition. Their offerings are akin to UCP. They include financial support, therapy, and direct help from program facilitators. The OFCP also strives to provide scholarships, assistive devices, and grants for research relative to cerebral palsy. All of these activities are funded through the resale of used goods and donations. A very similar organization is the Cerebral Palsy Association of British Columbia. They work to raise awareness of the disability amongst communities and provide help related to employment, recreational activities, and assistive devices.

    There are many programs to turn to for those with cerebral palsy. John has benefitted from physical therapy, recreational programs at hospitals, and support from his family. He has gone on to graduate from college and build a career in media production and writing. The help he has received has been coupled with his own determination and endless optimism. He frequents the gym and spends the extra time needed to type up projects without seeking out any help to do so. He works and attends meetings by utilizing door-to-door accessible transportation that the Toronto Transit Commission offers via Wheel-Trans. John’s strength in the face of his unfortunate situation has always been an inspiration to me, and I am very proud to call him a close friend.

    Those with cerebral palsy have made options available to them to reach out for help. Whether their needs are related to finding a job, joining a recreational program to make friends, or receiving aid in mobility, help is readily available. This assistance is not a weakness – instead, it provides the boost that allows people to utilize their many strengths and achieve their true potential. John may receive help, but his intelligence, hard work, and creativity are wholly his own talents. If you or someone you know has cerebral palsy, there is help out there to unlock the potential within.

    Sources

    Cerebral Palsy Association of British Columbia. “Our Mission.” http://bccerebralpalsy.com/about-us/mission-vision/

    The Ontario Federation of Cerebral Palsy. “About the OCFP.” https://www.ofcp.ca/about-the-ofcp/

    United Cerebral Palsy. “About United Cerebral Palsy.” http://ucp.org/about/

  • Career Profile: Agricultural Fruit Growers

    Career Profile: Agricultural Fruit Growers

    If you have cereal in the mornings, you might put a few berries or a banana on top. Maybe you eat an apple with lunch or some fruit as a bedtime snack. Have you ever thought of where that fruit comes from?  Some might come from your yard, but a lot of it probably comes from farms. The people who help bring this food to you and your family are agricultural fruit growers.

    Growing large amounts of fruit can be complicated. Agricultural fruit growers analyze the soil to make sure that it is healthy enough for the plants and decide where to put each kind of plant. Apple trees, for example, need much more space than raspberries. Some types of fruit grow in black soil and others in different kinds of soil. In Canada, two of the major fruit-growing areas are British Columbia and southern Ontario, but other parts of Canada also grow fruit in smaller amounts. The warm areas with long summer seasons can grow fruit like peaches, cherries, and plums.

    Fruit grows for only part of the year, but the work can be very busy even during the winter. For example, fruit growers might need to thin out raspberry bushes or prune apple trees to make them healthier the next spring. They might have to add fertilizer to the soil or dig in new areas to find better areas to plant the next year. Owners of fruit-growing businesses have a lot of responsibility to make sure that they do whatever they can to help ensure a good crop for the next summer.

    Depending on what kinds of fruit they grow, people might be busy early or late in the season. For example, strawberries tend to be an early summer fruit, but peaches and nectarines come much later, close to fall. Many commercial fruit growers are likely to have several different kinds of fruit so that they can have something to sell throughout the season. Studying botany in university or completing an apprenticeship can help, although anyone can work in this area.

    Growing fruit can be very risky because bad weather can ruin an entire crop or badly damage delicate fruit. Owners of the businesses might do very well one year and not sell anything the next year because of frost or hail damage. The employees who work on the farm to pick the fruit are likely to earn minimum wage, but their work also depends on weather conditions. If a crop is ruined, they might be out of work for the rest of the season.

    Another factor that agricultural fruit growers have to consider is who buys their fruit. Some farmers who live close to cities or towns might have U-Pick fields where people come to get fresh fruit. Others might take their fruit to farmers’ markets, but that also means that they have to be close to the cities. Supermarkets and other large stores are also important places to sell fruit, but the prices that the growers get are not always very high. Sometimes, it might be very hard to make a profit in this business.

    Still, for people who love the outdoors and enjoy working with plants, being an agricultural fruit grower can be a very good option.

    Bibliography:

    Durham Workforce Authority. “Agriculture Fruit Grower.” https://durhamworkforceauthority.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Agriculture-Fruit-Grower1.pdf.

    Indeed.com. “Farm Worker Salaries in Canada.” https://ca.indeed.com/salaries/Farm-Worker-Salaries

    Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers’ Association. “About the OFVGA.” http://www.ofvga.org/aboutofvga

  • Motorboat Mechanic

    Motorboat Mechanic

    When cars break down, mechanics can often fix them by repairing the engine, dealing with rust, or putting on new bumpers. Being a car mechanic is something that people can do in almost any city or town, and there will always be work. Being a motorboat mechanic is a much more specialized job, but it could be the right career for you.

    Motors are complicated pieces of equipment, and many things can go wrong with them. Motorboat mechanics work with two types of motors: inboard motors, which are on larger boats like yachts, and outboard motors, which are attached to smaller boats and can more easily be taken off and fixed in a shop. Both kinds of motor have various moving parts that can break or become worn out.

    Mechanics who work with motorboats need to know as much as possible about the machines that they fix. A high school diploma is usually necessary for work in this area, and trade school courses in motors can be helpful. Working as an apprentice is also a good idea if people are able to do that, even informally, at summer jobs. Like with many trades, learning on the job is a good way of getting into this type of work.

    Depending on what they specialize in, motorboat mechanics might work mainly indoors or outside. For inboard motors on yachts and other larger boats, mechanics have to go to where the ship is docked, usually on an ocean or a large lake. This might mean that the mechanic has to live near one of the coasts or an area like the Great Lakes. Since outboard motors can be removed from their boats, mechanics who specialize in these types of machines can have their own workshops where they repair the motors before putting them back onto the boats.

    Like most trades, motorboat mechanic wages can vary, depending on experience and location. In general, pay starts at about $21 per hour and can reach $39 after a few years. In small shops, mechanics might earn less than in larger places, but the work can be more varied and interesting in small companies.

    People who work as motorboat mechanics need a certain amount of strength to be able to work with heavy machines, and they need to be good with their hands. An ability to work with other people is important, and a knowledge of basic bookkeeping is useful, especially for mechanics who work on their own. Even in a larger company, mechanics might have to meet with clients to discuss what they need.

    Working hours for motorboat mechanics can vary. In much of Canada, lakes and rivers are frozen in winter and using boats is impossible. Mechanics are unlikely to get much work at that time of the year, but they can be very busy in spring and summer. Having another source of income is likely to be necessary for many motorboat mechanics, but the skills they learn in their work can also apply to many other jobs.

    Do you like to work with your hands and to fix machines? Why not consider becoming a motorboat mechanic?

    Bibliography:

    CareerPlanner.com. “Motorboat Mechanics.” https://job-descriptions.careerplanner.com/Motorboat-Mechanics.cfm.

    Payscale Canada. “Marine Mechanic: Hourly Rate.” https://www.payscale.com/research/CA/Job=Marine_Mechanic/Hourly_Rate.

    State University.com. “Motorboat Mechanic.” http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/776/Motorboat-Mechanic.html.