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School Subject: Biology

  • Speech-Language Pathologists

    Legacy duties

    • Administer tests and examinations and observe patients to diagnose and evaluate speech, voice, resonance, language, cognitive-linguistic and swallowing disorders
    • Plan and implement remedial programs to correct speech, language and voice disorders
    • Establish group and personalized care plans working as a member of an interdisciplinary team
    • Conduct research on speech and other communication disorders and on the development and design of diagnostic procedures and devices
    • May instruct students and other health care personnel.

  • Registered Nurses

    Legacy duties

    • Assess patients to identify appropriate nursing interventions
    • Collaborate with members of an interdisciplinary health team to plan, implement, co-ordinate and evaluate patient care in consultation with patients and their families
    • Administer medications and treatments as prescribed by a physician or according to established policies and protocols
    • Monitor, assess, address, document and report symptoms and changes in patients' conditions
    • Operate or monitor medical apparatus or equipment
    • Assist in surgery and other medical procedures
    • May supervise licensed practical nurses and other nursing staff
    • May develop and implement discharge planning process on admission of patients
    • May teach and counsel patients and their families on health-related issues in collaboration with other health care providers.
    • Registered nurses may specialize in areas such as surgery, obstetrics care, psychiatric care, critical care, pediatrics, geriatrics, community health, occupational health, emergency care, rehabilitation or oncology.
    • Nurse practitioners are independent care providers with a broader scope of practice relative to registered nurses.
    • Occupational health nurses develop and implement employee health education programs and provide registered nursing care in private businesses and industry.
    • Community health nurses provide health education and registered nursing care in public health units and through home visits, manage complex home care cases, participate in community needs assessment and program development, conduct disease screening and deliver immunization programs.
    • Psychiatric nurses provide nursing care, supportive counselling and life skills programming to patients in psychiatric hospitals, mental health clinics, long-term care facilities and community-based settings.
    • Nursing consultants provide consultative services to institutes, associations and health care organizations regarding issues and concerns relevant to the nursing profession and nursing practice.
    • Nursing researchers engaged in research activities related to nursing are self-employed or are employed by hospitals, public and private organizations and governments.
    • Clinical nurses provide leadership, advice and counsel on the provision of research-based care for specific patient groups within the care of particular health care organizations.

  • Respiratory Therapists

    Legacy duties

    • Perform diagnostic tests, such as arterial blood gas analysis and cardiopulmonary functions tests
    • Operate and monitor respiratory equipment to administer treatments such as oxygen, oxygen-air mixtures, humidified air or medications
    • Operate, monitor, maintain and test a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic equipment
    • Assess patients and perform or assist with interventions such as airway maintenance, line insertions, inductions and intubations
    • Perform artificial respiration and external cardiac massage
    • Assist with transport of high-risk patients
    • Supervise and train students and other respiratory therapists
    • Participate in home care programs for chronic respiratory patients and provide patient and family education
    • Participate in research related to cardiac and pulmonary disorders.
    • Respiratory therapists may specialize in areas such as anaesthesia, critical care, pediatrics, cardiopulmonary diagnostics and respiratory home care.

  • Radiation Therapists

    Legacy duties

    • Operate linear accelerators, cobalt 60, X-ray and other radiation therapy equipment to administer radiation treatment prescribed by radiation oncologists
    • Check radiation therapy equipment to ensure proper operation
    • Assist radiation oncologists and clinical physicists with preparation of radiation treatment plan
    • Assist in the preparation of sealed radioactive materials such as cobalt, radium, cesium and isotopes and the construction of devices such as plaster casts and acrylic moulds to assist with administration of radiation treatment
    • Monitor the patient's physical and psychological well-being during the entire course of treatment
    • Advise the patient regarding side effects of radiation
    • May train and supervise student radiotherapy technologists or supervise other radiotherapy technologists.

  • Optometrists

    Legacy duties

    • Examine patients' eyes, conduct tests and use ophthalmoscopes, biomicroscopes and other specialized instruments to determine visual efficiency
    • Prescribe treatment (excluding surgery) to conserve, improve and correct vision and other ocular disorders
    • Prescribe and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses, educate and counsel patients on contact lens use and care, visual hygiene, lighting arrangements, working distances and safety factors
    • Refer patients to ophthalmologists or other physicians and surgeons for treatment of ocular or other diseases or conditions.
    • Optometrists may specialize in fitting visual aids for people who are partially blind, fitting contact lenses or correcting special vision problems.

  • Nuclear Medicine Technologist

    Legacy duties

    • Prepare radiopharmaceuticals, such as radionuclides and other materials and administer them to patients or to biological samples
    • Operate radiation detection equipment, such as gamma cameras, scanners, scintillation counters, tomodensitometers and ionization chambers, to acquire data for use by nuclear medicine physicians in the diagnosis of disease
    • Perform diagnostic procedures using radioactive materials on biological specimens, such as blood, urine and faeces
    • Record and process results of procedures
    • Check equipment to ensure proper operation
    • Provide appropriate care for the patient during the examination
    • Apply radiation protection measures
    • May train and supervise student nuclear medicine technologists or supervise other nuclear medicine technologists.

  • Nursery and Greenhouse Workers

    Legacy duties

    • Prepare soil, plant bulbs, seeds and cuttings, graft and bud plants, and transplant seedlings and rooted cuttings
    • Spray trees, shrubs, flowers and plants to prevent disease and pests
    • Position and regulate greenhouse and outdoor irrigation systems to water plants and fields
    • Dig, cut and transplant trees, shrubs, flowers and plants and prepare them for sale
    • Provide information to customers on gardening and the care of trees, shrubs, flowers, plants and lawns
    • May operate tractors and other machinery and equipment to fertilize, cultivate, harvest and spray fields and plants
    • Maintain inventory and order materials as required
    • Clean working area.

  • Occupational Therapists

    Legacy duties

    • Analyse clients' capabilities and expectations related to life activities through observation, interviews and formal assessments
    • Develop intervention programs to address clients' needs related to self-care, work and leisure activities
    • Maintain clients' records
    • Establish personalized care plans working as a member of an interdisciplinary team
    • Consult and advise on health promotion programs to prevent disabilities and to maximize independent function in all activities of life
    • May supervise support personnel and students and provide training.
    • Occupational therapists may specialize in working with specific populations such as children or adults, or persons with distinct problems such as dementia, traumatic brain injury and chronic pain, or provide special interventions such as return-to-work programs.

  • Medical Sonographers

    Legacy duties

    • Operate ultrasound imaging equipment that transmits high frequency sound pulses through the body to produce images of those parts of the body requiring examination
    • Monitor examination by viewing images on video screen, to evaluate quality and consistency of diagnostic images, and make adjustments to equipment, as required
    • Record, store and process scanned images by using camera unit connected to ultrasound equipment
    • Observe and care for patients throughout examinations to ensure patient safety and comfort
    • Prepare examination reports for physicians to aid in the monitoring of pregnancies and the diagnosis of cardiac, abdominal, ophthalmic, vascular and other disorders
    • Perform quality control checks on ultrasound equipment to ensure proper operation and perform minor repairs and adjustments as required
    • May supervise and train student and other medical sonographers.
    • Medical sonographers may specialize in abdominal, cardiac, cerebral, obstetrical and gynaecological, ophthalmic, intraluminal or peripheral vascular sonography. They may also specialize in adult or pediatric echocardiography or neurosonology.

  • Medical Laboratory Technicians

    Legacy duties

    • Collect blood or other samples from patients
    • Receive tissue samples from patients
    • Log patient samples and prepare them for testing
    • Set up medical laboratory equipment
    • Conduct routine laboratory tests and sample analyses
    • Clean and maintain medical laboratory and medical laboratory equipment.